Reformat the code sections (make them indented)
This commit is contained in:
markm
parent
16557200bf
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22a934de48
@ -5,62 +5,70 @@ How To's
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How to sepcify an usable Application instance
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---------------------------------------------
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An ``Application()`` instance is the point of contact for all work
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with the app you are automating. So the Application instance needs
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to be connected to a process. There are two ways of doing this::
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with the app you are automating. So the Application instance needs
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to be connected to a process. There are two ways of doing this:
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::
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start_(self, cmd_line, timeout = app_start_timeout):
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or ::
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or:
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connect_(self, **kwargs):
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``start_()`` is used when the application is not running and you
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need to start it. Use it in the following way::
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app = Application()
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app.start_(r"c:\path\to\your\application -a -n -y --arguments")
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::
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connect_(self, **kwargs):
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``start_()`` is used when the application is not running and you
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need to start it. Use it in the following way:
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::
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app = Application()
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app.start_(r"c:\path\to\your\application -a -n -y --arguments")
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The timeout parameter is optional, it should only be necessary to use
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it if the application takes a long time to start up.
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``connect_()`` is used when the application to be automated is already
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``connect_()`` is used when the application to be automated is already
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running. To specify a an already runing application you need to specify
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one of the following:
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:process: the process id of the application, e.g.
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:process: the process id of the application, e.g.
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::
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app = Application()
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app.connect_(process = 2341)
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::
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app = Application()
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app.connect_(process = 2341)
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:handle: The windows handle of a window of the application, e.g.
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:handle: The windows handle of a window of the application, e.g.
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::
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::
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app = Application()
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app.connect_(handle = 0x010f0c)
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app = Application()
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app.connect_(handle = 0x010f0c)
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:path: The path of the executable of the process (``GetModuleFileNameEx``
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is used to find the path of each process and compared against
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the value passed in) e.g.
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::
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is used to find the path of each process and compared against
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the value passed in) e.g.
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::
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app = Application()
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app.connect_(path = r"c:\windows\system32\notepad.exe")
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or any combination of the parameters that specify a window, these get
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passed to the ``findwindows.find_windows()`` function. e.g. ::
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passed to the ``findwindows.find_windows()`` function. e.g.
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::
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app = Application()
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app.connect_(title_re = ".*Notepad", class_name = "Notepad")
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**Note**: I have since added static methods Application.start() and
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**Note**: I have since added static methods Application.start() and
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Application.connect() these can be used the same as above - except that
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you no longer need to instantiate an Application object first.
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@ -77,172 +85,193 @@ Once the application instance knows what application it is connected to
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a dialog to work on needs to be specified.
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There are many different ways of doing this. The most common will be
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using item or attribute access to select a dialog based on it's title. e.g ::
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using item or attribute access to select a dialog based on it's title. e.g
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::
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dlg = app.Notepad
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or equivalently ::
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or equivalently
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::
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dlg = app['Notepad']
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The next easiest method is to ask for the ``top_window_()`` e.g.
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::
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dlg = app.top_window_()
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The next easiest method is to ask for the ``top_window_()`` e.g. ::
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dlg = app.top_window_()
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This will return the window that has the highest Z-Order of the top-level
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windows of the application.
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**Note**: This is currently fairly untested so I am not sure it will
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return the correct window. It will definitely be a top level window of
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the application - it just might not be the one highest in the Z-Order.
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If this is not enough control they you can use the same parameters as
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can be passed to ``findwindows.find_windows()`` e.g. ::
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can be passed to ``findwindows.find_windows()`` e.g.
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::
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dlg = app.window_(title_re = "Page Setup", class_name = "#32770")
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Finally to have the most control you can use ::
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dialogs = app.windows_()
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Finally to have the most control you can use
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::
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dialogs = app.windows_()
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this will return a list of all the visible, enabled, top level windows
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of the application. You can then use some of the methods in ``handleprops``
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module select the dialog you want. Once you have the handle you need
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then use ::
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Application.window_(handle = win)
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then use
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::
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Application.window_(handle = win)
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**Note**: If the title of the dialog is very long - then attribute access
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might be very long to type, in those cases it is usually easier to use::
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might be very long to type, in those cases it is usually easier to use
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::
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app.window_(title_re = ".*Part of Title.*")
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How to specify a control on a dialog
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------------------------------------
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There are a number of ways to specify a control, the simplest are::
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app.dlg.control
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app['dlg']['control']
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The 2nd is better for non English OS's where you need to pass unicode
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There are a number of ways to specify a control, the simplest are
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::
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app.dlg.control
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app['dlg']['control']
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The 2nd is better for non English OS's where you need to pass unicode
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strings e.g. app[u'your dlg title'][u'your ctrl title']
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The code builds up multiple identifiers for each control from the following:
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+ title
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+ friendly class
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+ title + friendly class
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If the control's text is empty (after removing non char characters) text is
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not used. Instead we look for the closest control above and to the right fo
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the contol. And append the friendly class. So the list becomes
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- title
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- friendly class
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- title + friendly class
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If the control's text is empty (after removing non char characters) text is
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not used. Instead we look for the closest control above and to the right fo
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the contol. And append the friendly class. So the list becomes
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- friendly class
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- closest text + friendly class
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+ friendly class
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+ closest text + friendly class
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Once a set of identifiers has been created for all controls in the dialog
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we disambiguate them.
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we disambiguate them.
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use the `WindowSpecification.print_control_identifiers()` method
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e.g. ::
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e.g.
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::
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app.YourDialog.print_control_identifiers()
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app.YourDialog.print_control_identifiers()
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Sample output::
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Sample output
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::
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Button - Paper (L1075, T394, R1411, B485)
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'PaperGroupBox' 'Paper' 'GroupBox'
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Static - Si&ze: (L1087, T420, R1141, B433)
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'SizeStatic' 'Static' 'Size'
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ComboBox - (L1159, T418, R1399, B439)
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'ComboBox' 'SizeComboBox'
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Static - &Source: (L1087, T454, R1141, B467)
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'Source' 'Static' 'SourceStatic'
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ComboBox - (L1159, T449, R1399, B470)
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'ComboBox' 'SourceComboBox'
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Button - Orientation (L1075, T493, R1171, B584)
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'GroupBox' 'Orientation' 'OrientationGroupBox'
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Button - P&ortrait (L1087, T514, R1165, B534)
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'Portrait' 'RadioButton' 'PortraitRadioButton'
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Button - L&andscape (L1087, T548, R1165, B568)
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'RadioButton' 'LandscapeRadioButton' 'Landscape'
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Button - Margins (inches) (L1183, T493, R1411, B584)
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'Marginsinches' 'MarginsinchesGroupBox' 'GroupBox'
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Static - &Left: (L1195, T519, R1243, B532)
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'LeftStatic' 'Static' 'Left'
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Edit - (L1243, T514, R1285, B534)
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'Edit' 'LeftEdit'
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Static - &Right: (L1309, T519, R1357, B532)
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'Right' 'Static' 'RightStatic'
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Edit - (L1357, T514, R1399, B534)
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'Edit' 'RightEdit'
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Static - &Top: (L1195, T550, R1243, B563)
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'Top' 'Static' 'TopStatic'
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Edit - (L1243, T548, R1285, B568)
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'Edit' 'TopEdit'
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Static - &Bottom: (L1309, T550, R1357, B563)
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'BottomStatic' 'Static' 'Bottom'
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Edit - (L1357, T548, R1399, B568)
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'Edit' 'BottomEdit'
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Static - &Header: (L1075, T600, R1119, B613)
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'Header' 'Static' 'HeaderStatic'
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Edit - (L1147, T599, R1408, B619)
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'Edit' 'TopEdit'
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Static - &Footer: (L1075, T631, R1119, B644)
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'FooterStatic' 'Static' 'Footer'
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Edit - (L1147, T630, R1408, B650)
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'Edit' 'FooterEdit'
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Button - OK (L1348, T664, R1423, B687)
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'Button' 'OK' 'OKButton'
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Button - Cancel (L1429, T664, R1504, B687)
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'Cancel' 'Button' 'CancelButton'
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Button - &Printer... (L1510, T664, R1585, B687)
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'Button' 'Printer' 'PrinterButton'
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Button - Preview (L1423, T394, R1585, B651)
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'Preview' 'GroupBox' 'PreviewGroupBox'
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Static - (L1458, T456, R1549, B586)
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'PreviewStatic' 'Static'
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Static - (L1549, T464, R1557, B594)
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'PreviewStatic' 'Static'
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Static - (L1466, T586, R1557, B594)
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'Static' 'BottomStatic'
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Button - Paper (L1075, T394, R1411, B485)
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'PaperGroupBox' 'Paper' 'GroupBox'
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Static - Si&ze: (L1087, T420, R1141, B433)
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'SizeStatic' 'Static' 'Size'
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ComboBox - (L1159, T418, R1399, B439)
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'ComboBox' 'SizeComboBox'
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Static - &Source: (L1087, T454, R1141, B467)
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'Source' 'Static' 'SourceStatic'
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ComboBox - (L1159, T449, R1399, B470)
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'ComboBox' 'SourceComboBox'
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Button - Orientation (L1075, T493, R1171, B584)
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'GroupBox' 'Orientation' 'OrientationGroupBox'
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Button - P&ortrait (L1087, T514, R1165, B534)
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'Portrait' 'RadioButton' 'PortraitRadioButton'
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Button - L&andscape (L1087, T548, R1165, B568)
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'RadioButton' 'LandscapeRadioButton' 'Landscape'
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Button - Margins (inches) (L1183, T493, R1411, B584)
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'Marginsinches' 'MarginsinchesGroupBox' 'GroupBox'
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Static - &Left: (L1195, T519, R1243, B532)
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'LeftStatic' 'Static' 'Left'
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Edit - (L1243, T514, R1285, B534)
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'Edit' 'LeftEdit'
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Static - &Right: (L1309, T519, R1357, B532)
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'Right' 'Static' 'RightStatic'
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Edit - (L1357, T514, R1399, B534)
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'Edit' 'RightEdit'
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Static - &Top: (L1195, T550, R1243, B563)
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'Top' 'Static' 'TopStatic'
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Edit - (L1243, T548, R1285, B568)
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'Edit' 'TopEdit'
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Static - &Bottom: (L1309, T550, R1357, B563)
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'BottomStatic' 'Static' 'Bottom'
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Edit - (L1357, T548, R1399, B568)
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'Edit' 'BottomEdit'
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Static - &Header: (L1075, T600, R1119, B613)
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'Header' 'Static' 'HeaderStatic'
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Edit - (L1147, T599, R1408, B619)
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'Edit' 'TopEdit'
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Static - &Footer: (L1075, T631, R1119, B644)
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'FooterStatic' 'Static' 'Footer'
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Edit - (L1147, T630, R1408, B650)
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'Edit' 'FooterEdit'
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Button - OK (L1348, T664, R1423, B687)
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'Button' 'OK' 'OKButton'
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Button - Cancel (L1429, T664, R1504, B687)
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'Cancel' 'Button' 'CancelButton'
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Button - &Printer... (L1510, T664, R1585, B687)
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'Button' 'Printer' 'PrinterButton'
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Button - Preview (L1423, T394, R1585, B651)
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'Preview' 'GroupBox' 'PreviewGroupBox'
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Static - (L1458, T456, R1549, B586)
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'PreviewStatic' 'Static'
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Static - (L1549, T464, R1557, B594)
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'PreviewStatic' 'Static'
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Static - (L1466, T586, R1557, B594)
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'Static' 'BottomStatic'
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This exmple has been taken from test_application.py
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**Note** The identifiers printed by this method have been run through
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the process that makes the identifier unique. So if you have 2 edit boxes,
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they will both have "Edit" listed in their identifiers. In reality though
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the first one can be refered to as "Edit", "Edit0", "Edit1" and the 2nd
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they will both have "Edit" listed in their identifiers. In reality though
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the first one can be refered to as "Edit", "Edit0", "Edit1" and the 2nd
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should be refered to as "Edit2"
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**Note** You do not have to be exact!. Say we take an instance from the
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example above::
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**Note** You do not have to be exact!. Say we take an instance from the
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example above
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Button - Margins (inches) (L1183, T493, R1411, B584)
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'Marginsinches' 'MarginsinchesGroupBox' 'GroupBox'
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::
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Button - Margins (inches) (L1183, T493, R1411, B584)
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'Marginsinches' 'MarginsinchesGroupBox' 'GroupBox'
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Let's say that you don't like any of these
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- ``GroupBox`` - too generic, it could be any group box
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- ``Marginsinches`` and ``MarginsinchesGroupBox`` - these just don'
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look right, it would be nicer to leave out the 'inches' part
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Well you CAN! The code does a best match on the identifer you use against
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all the available identifiers in the dialog.
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For example if you break into the debugger you can see how different
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identifiers can be used::
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identifiers can be used
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(Pdb) print app.PageSetup.Margins.Text()
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Margins (inches)
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(Pdb) print app.PageSetup.MarginsGroupBox.Text()
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Margins (inches)
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::
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(Pdb) print app.PageSetup.Margins.Text()
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Margins (inches)
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(Pdb) print app.PageSetup.MarginsGroupBox.Text()
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Margins (inches)
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And this will also cater for typos. Though you still have to be careful
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@ -257,17 +286,23 @@ you cannot use attribute access to reference a control so
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you would either have to use item access or make an explicit
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calls to ``window_()``.
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So instead of writing::
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app.dialog_ident.control_ident.Click()
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You would have to write::
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app['dialog_ident']['control_ident'].Click()
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So instead of writing
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Or use ``window_()`` explictly::
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::
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app.window_(title_re = "NonAsciiCharacters").window_(title = "MoreNonAsciiCharacters").Click()
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app.dialog_ident.control_ident.Click()
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You would have to write
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::
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app['dialog_ident']['control_ident'].Click()
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Or use ``window_()`` explictly
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::
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app.window_(title_re = "NonAsciiCharacters").window_(title = "MoreNonAsciiCharacters").Click()
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To see an example of this see ``examples\MiscExamples.py.GetInfo()``
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@ -275,18 +310,20 @@ To see an example of this see ``examples\MiscExamples.py.GetInfo()``
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How to deal with controls that do not respond as expected (e.g. OwnerDraw Controls)
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Some controls (especially Ownerdrawn controls) do not respond to events as
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expected. For example if you look at any HLP file and go to the Index Tab (click
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Some controls (especially Ownerdrawn controls) do not respond to events as
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expected. For example if you look at any HLP file and go to the Index Tab (click
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'Search' button) you will see a listbox. Running Spy or Winspector on this
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will show you that it is indeed a list box - but it is ownerdrawn. This means
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that the developer has told Windows that they will override how items are displayed
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and do it themselves. And in this case they have made it so that strings cannot be
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and do it themselves. And in this case they have made it so that strings cannot be
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retrieved :-(.
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So what problems does this cause? ::
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app.HelpTopics.ListBox.Texts() # 1
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app.HelpTopics.ListBox.Select("ItemInList") # 2
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So what problems does this cause?
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::
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app.HelpTopics.ListBox.Texts() # 1
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app.HelpTopics.ListBox.Select("ItemInList") # 2
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1. Will return a list of empty strings, all this means is that pywinauto has not
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@ -295,9 +332,11 @@ So what problems does this cause? ::
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2. This will fail with an IndexError because the Select(string) method of a ListBox
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looks for the item in the Texts to know the index of the item that it should select.
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The following workaround will work on this control ::
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The following workaround will work on this control
|
||||
|
||||
app.HelpTopics.ListBox.Select(1)
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
app.HelpTopics.ListBox.Select(1)
|
||||
|
||||
This will select the 2nd item in the listbox, because it is not a string lookup
|
||||
it works correctly.
|
||||
@ -306,93 +345,92 @@ Unfortunately not even this will always work. The developer can make it so that
|
||||
control does not respond to standard events like Select. In this case the only way
|
||||
you can select items in the listbox is by using the keyboard simulation of TypeKeys().
|
||||
|
||||
This allows you to send any keystrokes to a control. So to select the 3rd item you
|
||||
would use::
|
||||
|
||||
app.Helptopics.ListBox1.TypeKeys("{HOME}{DOWN 2}{ENTER}")
|
||||
This allows you to send any keystrokes to a control. So to select the 3rd item you
|
||||
would use
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
app.Helptopics.ListBox1.TypeKeys("{HOME}{DOWN 2}{ENTER}")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- ``{HOME}`` will make sure that the first item is highlighted.
|
||||
- ``{DOWN 2}`` will then move the highlight down 2 items
|
||||
- ``{ENTER}`` will select the highlighted item
|
||||
|
||||
If your application made extensive use of a similar control type then you could
|
||||
make using it easier by deriving a new class from ListBox, that could use extra
|
||||
make using it easier by deriving a new class from ListBox, that could use extra
|
||||
knowledge about your particular application. For example in the WinHelp example
|
||||
evertime an item is highlighted in the list view, it's text is inserted into the
|
||||
Edit control above the list, and you CAN get the text of the item from there e.g. ::
|
||||
|
||||
# print the text of the item currently selected in the list box
|
||||
# (as long as you are not typing into the Edit control!)
|
||||
print app.HelpTopics.Edit.Texts()[1]
|
||||
evertime an item is highlighted in the list view, it's text is inserted into the
|
||||
Edit control above the list, and you CAN get the text of the item from there e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
# print the text of the item currently selected in the list box
|
||||
# (as long as you are not typing into the Edit control!)
|
||||
print app.HelpTopics.Edit.Texts()[1]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
How to Access the System Tray (aka SysTray, aka 'Notification Area')
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Near the clock are icons representing running applications, this area is
|
||||
normally referred to as the "System Tray". There are actually many different
|
||||
Near the clock are icons representing running applications, this area is
|
||||
normally referred to as the "System Tray". There are actually many different
|
||||
windows/controls in this area. The control that contains the icons is actually
|
||||
a toolbar. It is in a Pager control, in within a window with a class TrayNotifyWnd,
|
||||
a toolbar. It is in a Pager control, in within a window with a class TrayNotifyWnd,
|
||||
which is in yet another window with a class Shell_TrayWnd and all these windows
|
||||
are part of the running Explorer instance. Thankfully you don't need to remeber
|
||||
are part of the running Explorer instance. Thankfully you don't need to remeber
|
||||
all that :-).
|
||||
|
||||
The things that are important to remember is that you are looking for a
|
||||
window in the "Explorer.exe" application with the class "Shell_TrayWnd" that has
|
||||
The things that are important to remember is that you are looking for a
|
||||
window in the "Explorer.exe" application with the class "Shell_TrayWnd" that has
|
||||
a Toolbar control with a title "Notification Area".
|
||||
|
||||
One way to get this is to do the following::
|
||||
|
||||
imprt pywinauto.application
|
||||
app = pywinauto.application.Application().connect_(path = "explorer")
|
||||
systray_icons = app.ShellTrayWnd.NotificationAreaToolbar
|
||||
|
||||
One way to get this is to do the following
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
imprt pywinauto.application
|
||||
app = pywinauto.application.Application().connect_(path = "explorer")
|
||||
systray_icons = app.ShellTrayWnd.NotificationAreaToolbar
|
||||
|
||||
The taskbar module provides very preliminary access to the System Tray.
|
||||
|
||||
It defines the following variables:
|
||||
It defines the following variables:
|
||||
|
||||
:``explorer_app``: defines an Application() object connected to the running
|
||||
explorer. You probably don't need to use this your self
|
||||
very much.
|
||||
:explorer_app: defines an Application() object connected to the running
|
||||
explorer. You probably don't need to use this your self
|
||||
very much.
|
||||
:TaskBar: The handle to the task bar (the bar containing Start Button,
|
||||
the QuickLaunch icons, running tasks, etc
|
||||
:StartButton: "Start me up" :-) I think you might know what this is!
|
||||
:QuickLaunch: The Toolbar with the quick launch icons
|
||||
:SystemTray: The window that contains the Clock and System Tray Icons
|
||||
:Clock: The clock
|
||||
:SystemTrayIcons: The toolbar representing the system tray icons
|
||||
:RunningApplications: The toolbar representing the running applications
|
||||
|
||||
:``TaskBar``: The handle to the task bar (the bar containing Start Button,
|
||||
the QuickLaunch icons, running tasks, etc
|
||||
|
||||
:``StartButton``: "Start me up" :-) I think you might know what this is!
|
||||
|
||||
:``QuickLaunch``: The Toolbar with the quick launch icons
|
||||
|
||||
:``SystemTray``: The window that contains the Clock and System Tray Icons
|
||||
|
||||
:``Clock``: The clock
|
||||
|
||||
:``SystemTrayIcons``: The toolbar representing the system tray icons
|
||||
|
||||
:``RunningApplications``: The toolbar representing the running applications
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I have also provided 2 functions in the module that can be used to click on
|
||||
I have also provided 2 functions in the module that can be used to click on
|
||||
system tray icons:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
:``ClickSystemTrayIcon(button)``: You can use this to left click a visible icon
|
||||
:``ClickSystemTrayIcon(button)``: You can use this to left click a visible icon
|
||||
in the system tray. I had to specifically say
|
||||
visible icon as there may be many invisible
|
||||
visible icon as there may be many invisible
|
||||
icons that obviously cannot be clicked. Button
|
||||
can be any integer. If you specify 3 then it will
|
||||
find and click the 3rd visible button. (very little
|
||||
error checking is performed and this method will
|
||||
more then likely be moved/renamed in the futures.
|
||||
|
||||
:``RightClickSystemTrayIcon(button)``: Similar to ``ClickSytemTrayIcon`` but performs
|
||||
a right click.
|
||||
:``RightClickSystemTrayIcon(button)``: Similar to ``ClickSytemTrayIcon`` but
|
||||
performs a right click.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Often when you click/right click on an icon - you get a popup menu. The thing to
|
||||
remember at this point is that the popup menu is part of the application being
|
||||
Often when you click/right click on an icon - you get a popup menu. The thing to
|
||||
remember at this point is that the popup menu is part of the application being
|
||||
automated not part of explorer.
|
||||
|
||||
e.g. ::
|
||||
e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
# connect to outlook
|
||||
outlook = Application().connect_(path = 'outlook.exe')
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user